Linux

Module 1: Introduction to Linux

• What is Linux and its history
• Linux distributions (Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, Debian)
• Open source philosophy and community
• Linux vs Windows comparison
• Linux architecture overview (Kernel, Shell, File System)

Module 2: Linux Installation & Environment

• Installing Linux (Desktop & Server versions)
• Using Live CD/USB
• Logging in and understanding the shell
• Desktop vs Terminal interface
• Introduction to the Linux terminal

Module 3: Linux File System

• Directory structure and hierarchy (/, /home, /etc, /var)
• Absolute vs relative paths
• Basic file commands: ls, cd, pwd, tree
• Creating, copying, moving, and deleting files & directories: cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir
• File permissions and ownership (chmod, chown, chgrp)

Module 4: Basic Linux Commands

• Viewing file content: cat, less, more, head, tail
• Searching: grep, find, locate
• File operations: touch, nano, vi/vim
• Disk usage: df, du
• System info: uname, hostname, uptime

Module 5: Users and Groups

• Creating and managing users: useradd, usermod, passwd
• Managing groups: groupadd, gpasswd
• Switching users: su, sudo
• Permissions and ownership concepts
• Understanding special permissions: SUID, SGID, Sticky Bit

Module 6: Package Management

• Package managers: apt (Debian/Ubuntu), yum/dnf (CentOS/Fedora)
• Installing, updating, and removing packages
• Searching for packages
• Checking installed packages and versions

Module 7: Processes and Jobs

• Understanding processes and PID
• Viewing processes: ps, top, htop
• Managing processes: kill, pkill, nice, renice
• Background and foreground jobs: &, jobs, fg, bg
• Scheduling tasks: cron and at

Module 8: Networking Basics

• Checking network interfaces: ifconfig/ip a
• Network connectivity: ping, traceroute, netstat
• SSH basics: connecting to remote servers
• File transfers: scp, rsync
• Basic firewall: ufw, iptables

Module 9: File Compression & Archiving

• Archiving files: tar
• Compression utilities: gzip, bzip2, zip, unzip
• Extracting files and directories

Module 10: Logs and System Monitoring

• Viewing logs: /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages, dmesg
• Monitoring system resources: free, df, uptime, vmstat
• Disk usage and quotas

Module 11: Shell Scripting Basics

• Introduction to Bash scripting
• Variables and user input
• Conditional statements (if, else, elif)
• Loops (for, while, until)
• Writing simple automation scripts

Module 12: Basic Security

• File permissions and user access control
• Using sudo for administrative tasks
• SSH key authentication
• Basics of Linux firewall and iptables/ufw
• Updating the system for security patches

Computer Hardware

Module 1: Introduction to Computer Hardware

• Definition of computer hardware
• Difference between hardware and software
• Overview of computer components: Input, Output, Storage, Processing, and Memory
• Types of computers: Desktop, Laptop, Server, Embedded systems

Module 2: Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Function of the CPU
• CPU components: ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), CU (Control Unit), Registers
• CPU types: Single-core, Multi-core, and Multi-threading
• Clock speed and performance factors
• Motherboard-CPU interaction

Module 3: Memory and Storage

• Primary Memory (RAM, ROM)
• Secondary Storage (HDD, SSD)
• Cache Memory
• Virtual Memory and Paging
• Memory performance factors

Module 4: Motherboard

• Function and importance
• Components on motherboard: Chipset, BIOS/UEFI, Slots, Ports
• Form factors: ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX
• Expansion slots and connectors (PCI, PCIe)

Module 5: Input Devices

• Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner
• Types and interfaces (USB, PS/2, Wireless)
• Input device functionality and troubleshooting

Module 6: Output Devices

• Monitor types: LCD, LED, OLED
• Printers: Inkjet, Laser, Dot Matrix
• Speakers, Projectors
• Display resolutions, refresh rates, and color depth

Module 7: Storage Devices

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)
• Optical Storage: CD, DVD, Blu-Ray
• Flash Drives, Memory Cards
• Storage interfaces: SATA, NVMe, M.2

Module 8: Power Supply Unit (PSU)

• PSU function and types
• Power ratings and efficiency
• Connectors and cables for components
• Safety precautions and troubleshooting

Module 9: Peripheral Devices

• External devices: USB devices, printers, scanners, external storage
• Ports and interfaces (USB, HDMI, DisplayPort, Ethernet)
• Connectivity and device installation

Module 10: Networking Hardware

• Routers, Switches, Hubs, Modems
• Network Interface Cards (NICs)
• Cabling: Twisted Pair, Fiber Optics, Coaxial
• Basic troubleshooting of network devices

Module 11: Hardware Troubleshooting

• Identifying hardware problems
• POST (Power-On Self-Test) and beep codes
• Diagnostic tools: Multimeter, POST cards, hardware monitors
• Replacing faulty components

Module 12: Assembling and Maintenance

• Step-by-step PC assembly
• Installing CPU, RAM, storage, GPU, PSU
• Cable management
• Cleaning and preventive maintenance
• Understand the interfaces and connectivity options for peripherals and storage

Cybersecurity

Module 1: Introduction to Cybersecurity

• What is cybersecurity? Importance in modern organizations
• Types of cyber threats: Malware, Phishing, Ransomware, Insider threats
• Cybersecurity goals: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability (CIA triad)
• Cybersecurity roles and career paths

Module 2: Networking Basics for Cybersecurity

• Network fundamentals: LAN, WAN, Internet
• IP addressing, Subnets, and Routing basics
• Network devices: Router, Switch, Firewall, IDS/IPS
• TCP/IP protocol suite and common ports

Module 3: Operating Systems Fundamentals

• Basics of Windows, Linux, and MacOS
• File systems, user accounts, and permissions
• Command-line interface basics for Windows and Linux
• System administration essentials

Module 4: Threats and Vulnerabilities

• Malware types: Virus, Worm, Trojan, Spyware, Adware
• Social engineering attacks: Phishing, Spear Phishing, Vishing
• Vulnerabilities in software, hardware, and networks
• Exploits and attack vectors

Module 5: Cybersecurity Tools

• Antivirus and anti-malware software
• Firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS)
• Network monitoring tools: Wireshark, Nmap
• Vulnerability scanners: Nessus, OpenVAS

Module 6: Cryptography Basics

• Symmetric vs Asymmetric encryption
• Hashing algorithms (SHA, MD5)
• Digital signatures and certificates
• Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) basics

Module 7: Identity and Access Management (IAM)

• Authentication vs Authorization
• User accounts and password policies
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
• Role-based access control (RBAC)

Module 8: Security Policies and Compliance

• Importance of security policies in organizations
• Data protection laws: GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS
• Risk assessment and management
• Business continuity and disaster recovery planning

Module 9: Ethical Hacking & Penetration Testing (Intro)

• Overview of ethical hacking
• Penetration testing methodology: Reconnaissance → Scanning → Exploitation → Reporting
• Common tools: Metasploit, Burp Suite
• Basics of vulnerability assessment

Module 10: Security Monitoring and Incident Response

• Logs and monitoring: SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
• Incident response lifecycle
• Detecting and mitigating attacks
• Reporting security incidents

Module 11: Cloud Security Fundamentals

• Cloud security challenges: Shared responsibility model
• Securing cloud resources (AWS, Azure, GCP)
• Identity and access management in cloud
• Basic cloud security best practices

Module 12: Cybersecurity Career Path Certifications

• overview:
• Beginner: CompTIA Security+, CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker), CyberSafe
• Intermediate: CompTIA PenTest+, OSCP, CISSP
• Job roles: Security analyst, SOC analyst, penetration tester, cloud security engineer
• Tips for building hands-on skills

Python

Module 1: Introduction to Python

• What is Python & its applications
• Installing Python & IDE (VS Code, PyCharm, Jupyter)
• Writing first program (print("Hello, World!"))
• Python syntax, comments, indentation
• Mini Task: Print your name, age, and city.

Module 2: Variables & Data Types

• Numbers (int, float, complex)
• Strings, Boolean
• Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
• Type casting (int(), str(), float())
• User input (input())
• Mini Task: Take input for two numbers and print their sum.

Module 3: Operators

• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %, //, **)
• Relational operators (>, <, ==, !=)
• Logical operators (and, or, not)
• Assignment operators (=, +=, -=)
• Membership (in, not in) & Identity (is, is not)
• Mini Task: Check if a number is even and divisible by 5.

Module 4: Control Flow

• if, if-else, if-elif-else
• for and while loops
• break, continue, pass
• Mini Task: Print multiplication table of a given number.

Module 5: Strings & Data Structures

• String indexing, slicing, methods (upper(), replace())
• List operations (append, remove, sort)
• Tuples (immutable lists)
• Sets (unique values, union, intersection)
• Dictionaries (key-value pairs, .get(), .items())
• Mini Task: Count the frequency of each word in a string.

Module 6: Functions

• Defining & calling functions
• Arguments (positional, default, *args, **kwargs)
• Return values
• Lambda functions
• Mini Task: Write a function that returns the factorial of a number.

Module 7: File Handling

• Opening, reading, writing, appending files
• File modes (r, w, a, rb, wb)
• Reading lines from a file
• Mini Task: Save student names into a file and then read them.

Module 8: Exception Handling

• Types of errors
• try-except block
• finally and raise
• Mini Task: Create a calculator that handles “division by zero”.

Module 9: Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes & Objects
• Constructor (__init__)
• Instance & class variables
• Methods
• Inheritance (basic intro)